Adobe Photoshop Notes

Explain the features of Photoshop.

 

Introduction to Photoshop

Photoshop is an image editing software created by the Adobe Company. Photoshop was created in 1988 by Thomas and John Knoll. Photos scanned in Photoshop, photos taken by digital cameras, photos downloaded by the Internet, etc. can be used. |
Apart from this, there are various tools with the help of which you can make changes in this software as you wish, edit photos through Photoshop, add effects to any picture and create new designs, nowadays the use of this software mainly This is done in photo making, album making, flex making, poster making, book cover making etc.

Features of Photoshop: -

1. Files created in Photoshop can be easily inserted into a web page.
2. Photoshop functions can also be removed with Undo option.
3. It has the facility of history palette in which the list of old works is shown, using this palette, you can bring the photo or image to the old position.
4. There are many tools to select an image in Photoshop, through which different parts of the image can be selected, this feature can make the work of any photo in Photoshop very easy.
5. Correcting or changing the desired colors in Photoshop can be done in Photoshop very fast and easily.
6. There are many effective tools in Photoshop, with the help of which different effects can be easily added to the photo.
7. With Photoshop, the size of any image can be easily changed and the image can also be rotated.
8. Layer is used to easily work on the image in Photoshop, through the layer facility we can work on the image by dividing it into different parts.
9. Images created by Photoshop can be saved in different image extensions like Bitmap, GIF, JPG, PNG, PDF etc.

How to change image size and resolution in Photoshop

Image Size and Resolution in Photoshop

If we want to change the size of an image, then we have to understand how the image is produced. When we zoom in on an image much larger, the image appears in small square pixels from which it is made. Photoshop controls these pixels with ppi (pixel-per-inch). PPI (pixel-per-inch) here means how many pixels will be in each inch. The number of pixels in an image is the resolution of the image. Generally 300 ppi is considered to be an adequate resolution for printing the image. But more resolution can also be kept.

Image Size ( Image Size And Re-Sampling)

To change the size of the image in Photoshop use the image size (Image> image size) command. The image size command is used in Photoshop's Image menu. The shortcut key for this is Alt + Ctrl + I Image size After the dialog box opens we change the Document Size of our image, then later on see Resolution and pixels dimensions. Image size: Everything in the dialog box is associated with image size and resolution. In Photoshop, you can also change the size of the image as per your requirement. Here with the Image Size command, you can change the directions of the pixel, as well as the resolution of the print and image.

Work on the copy when you change the image

Changing the image size changes the color information in the image, so you will want to change the image size forty times and save it so that you can decide which are better. Every time the image shop changes the image, it adds or removes the pixels, reducing the image type.

Document Size

The document size you are changing is the physical size of the image. Professionals always measure the image size in pixels, the rest of us measure the image size in physical size. Physical size here refers to which size the image will be printed. The unit of scale of document size is in percent, Inch, Centimeters, Millimeters, Point, Columns. We select the unit according to ours and change the width and height value of the image.

Pixel Dimensions

This area explains that the number of pixels in it is determined. When we enter values ​​in Document Size, the number of pixels in length and width is displayed in Pixel Dimensions. The size of the image can also be increased by adding the number of pixels here.

Resample Image

If we want to increase or decrease the physical size of the image while keeping the resolution of the image constant, then we have to select the Resample Image option. This can reduce or reduce the physical size of the image, but the resolution of the image remains constant, thereby maintaining the quality of the image. After selecting the Resample Image, a Drop down Menu is displayed below, in which various Resampling options are displayed. If we want to reduce the size of the image, then Bicubic Sharper option has to be selected, it automatically applies Sharpening on the image, which makes the image look very clear even when it is small. If we are increasing the size of the image, then Bicubic Smoother option has to be selected. Similarly Drop down Menu has more options. Let us choose the option which seems appropriate.

Change the image size and not the resolution

1. First open all images that change the size (Ctrl + O).
2. The Image Size dialog box will appear on the screen as pictured.
   
3. 
4. Note that Resample Image is checked. Resample Image instructs Photoshop to change the resolution of the image whenever it is changed. If you enlarge the image, Photoshop will add pixels to it. If you shrink the image, Photoshop will remove the pixel from it.
5. Put 200 in width and 200 in Height in Pixel Dimensions. To enter the value as a percentage of the current dimension, select Percent as the unit measure.
6. Finally click on the Ok button. Image of new size will come.

Resolution

Resolution or DPI means the number of dots or pixels per inch of the image when changing the resolution, Photoshop runs the hard algorithm of the image to know how to change. The image shop does a great job of adding and subtracting pixels, but they are not magic. Mostly you can fill the resolution down to more or less than 1/3, before the image really takes effect.

Changing resolution for images

Sometimes you will have an image that was scanned at a higher or lower resolution than you need. No change in its size, you only need to change the resolution. To change the resolution, we will follow the following procedure.

• Open photoshop
• Image – Image Size
• Then the Image size dialog box will appear on the screen.
• 
• Just change the number of pixels in the image in proportion to change the print or print dimension. Notice that the Resample Image is selected. Then choose an Interpolation method.
• To change the print dimension and resolution without changing the pixel, de-select Resample Image to change it.
• Inside 'Document Size', insert the value of 'Width', 'Height' or 'Percent' of the image as you wish.
• Finally click on the Ok button. The image will come in a new resolution (200 pixels per inch).

Image features in Photoshop

An image is a binary representation of information, such as Picture, Graphic, Logo etc.

 (Features of Image)

• Size
• Colour
• Depth
• Image Resolution

Size

The digital size of the image is measured in kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes. The file size is in the same proportion as the pixel dimension of the image. Images that have more pixels produce a more detailed picture at a given printed size but require more disk space to store them and may take a lot of time to edit and print. For example, a 1 * 1 inch 200 ppi image has 4 times more pixels than an image of 1 * 1 inch 100 ppi and also has 4 times the file size. So image resolution becomes a medium between image quality and file size. Other factors that affect file size are GIF, Due to the different compression methods used by JPEG and PNG file formats, file sizes can be different for the same pixel dimension. Similarly, the bit depth of the colors of the image and the number of layers and channels also affect the file size.

Color

Each Adobe Photoshop has one or more channels. Each channel stores information about the color elements of the image. The number of channels available by default in an image depends on the color pattern. For example, a CMYK image has at least 4 channels. A separate plate is defined for the plate layer of the printing process for information related to Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black. In addition to these default color channels, some additional channels called alpha channels can also be added to the image. Color selections are used to store and edit like masks, as well as spot color channels can be added to add spot color plates for printing.

Depth

Bit depth is also called pixel depth, color depth, only depth. It measures how many color information is available to display or print each pixel in an image. More bit depth means that more colors are available in the image and the display of colors on the digital image will be more appropriate. For example, a pixel that has a bit depth has two possible values, black and white, a pixel that has a bit depth of 8 has a possible value of 28 or 16 million.

Image Resolution

The number of pixels displayed per unit of the printed length of an image is measured in terms of pixels per inch. In Photoshop you can change the resolution of the image. In Photoshop, the resolution and pixel dimensions depend on each other. The amount of detail of the image depends on the pixel dimension, while the resolution of the image controls how much space the pixel is printed on. Will go Let us now give an example. You can change the resolution of a picture without changing the actual pixel data in the image. You just need to change the printed size of the image. On the other hand if you want to preserve the same output dimension then A change in the resolution of an image demands a change in the number of pixels when printed, an image whose color Resolution is higher than images with lower resolution Stores small pixels in excess and size. For example, a 1 * 1 inch image with a resolution of 72 ppi has 5184 pixels. The same image incorporates 90000 pixels when the resolution is 300 ppi. Generally, high resolution images are more detailed than low resolution images.

What are graphic files, their features, advantages and disadvantages

Graphic file

In any graphics software, the image produced on the computer itself, the image scanned by the scanner and the image taken by the digital camera are called graphic files. There are two types of computer graphics - Vector Image and Raster Image

Raster Image

Raster images are images that consist of pixels. Due to the use of pixels in the image, the quality of the image decreases when increasing the size of the image, because by increasing the size of the image the pixels start to fade away. Due to this the image is not visible clearly.

The color values ​​of each pixel in the raster image are specific. The data of the image is in a series line. In this, the image is in a grid. As we zoom the image. Images start bursting. These are also called Bitmap images.

Example :

Tiff             –        Tagged Image file format

PSD             –        Photoshop Document

EPS             –        Encapsulated Post Script

JPG             –        Joint Photographic Expert Group

PNG            –        Portable Network Graphics

GIF              –        Graphical Interchange format

BMP            –        Windows BITMAP

Vector Image

Vector images are images that consist of text, line, and shape. These images do not consist of pixels, so any change in their size does not affect their quality.

Example :

EMF            –        Enhanced Meta File

EPS             –        Encapsulated Post Script

PDF            –        Portable Document format

PS               –        Post Script

 

 (Advantage & Disadvantage of Vector and Raster Graphics)

The advantages and disadvantages of Vector Image are as follows -

Advantage of Vector image 

1. In this, the data is displayed in its original resolution.
2. In this, the output is usually better.
3. No data conversion is required in the vector form.
4. The exact geographic location of the data is maintained.

Disadvantage of Vector image 

1. The location of each vertex clearly needs to be stored.
2. For effective analysis, the vector data should be converted into topological structure.
3. Ancestral analysis and filtering inside polygons are difficult.

Raster Image - The advantages and disadvantages of raster graphic are as follows -

Advantage of Vector image

1. The geographic position of each cell is rooted in its position in the cell matrix.
2. Due to data collection technology, data analysis is generally easier to program and leads to perform.
3. It is considered very good for a detailed image.

Disadvantage of Vector image

1. The size of the cell determines the resolution at which the data is represented.
2. The pixels are cut when the image is enlarged and the picture gets spoiled.
3. The file size is more in these.

How to use filters in Photoshop

How to Use Filter in Photoshop

You can use filters to clean your photos, apply expectant art effects that can give your image the appearance of a sketch or impressionist painting, or make unique changes using lighting effects. Filters provided by Adobe appear in the Filter menu. Some filters provided by third-party developers are available as plug-ins. Once installed, these plug-in filters appear at the bottom of the Filter menu.

Smart filters, applied to smart objects, are stored as layer effects in the smart filter layer panel and can be reused at any time, working from the original image data contained in the smart object.

To use a filter, choose the appropriate submenu command from the Filter Menu. These guidelines can help you choose a filter:

• Filters are applied to the active, view layer, or a selection.
• For 8-bit per channel images, most filters can be applied cumulatively through the filter gallery. All filters can be applied individually.
• Filters cannot be applied to bitmap-mode or index color images.
• Some filters only work on RGB images.
• All filters can be applied to 8 images bit images.
• 
  The following filter can be applied to 16 images bit images:Liquify, Vanishing Point, Average Blur, Blur, Blur More, Box Blur, Gaussian Blur, Lens Blur, Motion Blur, Radial Blur, Surface Blur, Shape Blur, Lens Correction, Add Noise, Despeckle, Dust & Scratches, Median, Reduce Noise, Fibers, Clouds, Difference Clouds, Lens Flare, Sharpen, Sharpen Edges, Sharpen More, Smart Sharpen, Un sharp Mask, Emboss, Find Edges, Solarize, De-Interlace, NTSC Colors, Custom, High Pass, Maximum, Minimum, and Offset.
• The following filters can be applied to 32 images bit images: Average Blur, Box Blur, Gaussian Blur, Motion Blur, Radial Blur, Shape Blur, Surface Blur, Add Noise, Clouds, Lens Flare, Smart Sharpen, , De -Interlace, NTSC Colors, Emboss, High Pass, Maximum, Minimum, and Offset.
• Some filters are fully processed in RAM. If you do not have enough available RAM to improve the filter effect, you may receive an error message.

How to apply a filter

You can apply a filter to an active layer or smart object. Filters applied to smart objects are nonrestrictive and can be read at any time.

• Do one of the following:
• To apply a filter to an entire layer, make sure the layer is active or selected.
• To apply a filter to a region, select that region.
• You can change your filter settings later to apply the filter without any constraints, select the smart object that contains the image content you want to filter.
• In the Filter menu, choose Filter from the Sub menu.

• If no dialog box appears, a filter effect is applied.
• If a dialog box or filter gallery appears, enter the value or select the option and then click Ok.

Filter Gallery overview

The Filter Gallery provides a preview of several special effect filters. You can apply more than one filter, turn the effect of the filter on or off, reset the option for the filter, and change the order in which the filter is applied. When you are satisfied with the preview, you can apply it to your image. Not all filters in the Filter menu are available in the Filter Gallery.

Display the Filter Gallery

First click on the Filter Menu, then choose Filter Gallery. Clicking on the Filter Category name displays thumbnails of the available filter effects.

How to use layers in Photoshop

What are the layers? 

Layers in Adobe Photoshop are like a transparent paper. Layer allows Photoshop to work on another object without piercing it. Layer is a powerful method of organizing images and objects in Adobe Photoshop.

In Photoshop, a new image has only one layer, layers can be added to the image, as well as the layer effect can be used, the order of the layers can also be changed, also grouping more than one layer Can be done, as well as merging the different layers and making changes in one layer. There are several types of layers you use in Photoshop, and they fall into two main categories:

Content Layer: These layers contain different types of materials, such as photographs, text, and shapes.

Adjustment layers: These layers allow you to apply adjustments to the layers below them, such as saturation or brightness. Adjustment layers are a type of nondestructive editing because they don't really change anything about the original image.

When using layers, it can be helpful to turn individual layers on and off to see how they affect the image. You can do this by clicking the eye icon next to each layer name.

Why use a layer?

You may be wondering why you need to use layers. The truth is, layers give you an amazing amount of flexibility and control as you can improve each layer independently of the rest of the image. Once you are comfortable with layers, you will use them all the time.

Layer Basic

Now you are ready to start working with layers in Photoshop. You can view, create and improve layers with layer panels. This will usually be found in the lower-right corner of the screen, although you can go to the Layer from the Window Menu to make sure it is on.

How to create an adjustment layer

If you have never used layers before, we recommend trying Adjustment Layer first. Remember, an adjustment layer does not contain material - it allows you to apply an adjustment to the layers below it.

• In the layer panel, select the layer below where you want the adjustment layer to appear.
• Click the Adjustment button at the bottom of the layer panel, then choose the desired adjustment.
• The adjustment layer will appear, and then you can customize the adjustment in the Properties panel. Any changes you make will affect each layer below the adjustment layer.
• Alternatively, you can use the buttons on the adjustment panel to create an adjustment layer.

How to Create New Blank Layer

If you want to create a new empty layer. So to create a new layer, click on the New Layer button near the lower-right corner of the layer panel. The new layer will appear in the layers panel.

How to create a duplicate layer

If you want to create a duplicate layer. This is an easy way to try different fixes without altering the original layer.

• Right-click the layer, then select Duplicate layer.
• A dialog box will appear. Click on Ok. A duplicate layer will appear.

How to Delete Layer

If you do not need a layer, you can also remove it. To do this, simply select the layer and then press the delete key on your keyboard. Alternatively, you can click and drag the layer on the trash can in the lower-right corner of the layer panel.

Working with Layers

There are many different ways to work with layers in your document. For example, you can show and hide different layers, change the stacking order, and more.

How to hide and show layer

To hide a layer, click the eye icon next to the desired layer. Click it again to show the layer. In the image below, you can see that we have closed the text layer, so the text no longer appears in the document window:

How to reorder layers

The order in which the layers stand will determine how the document looks. There may be times when you need to change the stacking order. To reorder a layer, click on the layer and drag it to the desired location in the layer panel.

Editing layers

For many types of correction, the desired layer must be selected before making the correction; Otherwise, you may accidentally mend the wrong layer. For example, if you use the eraser tool, it will only affect the layer you select. You should make it a habit to check the layers panel frequently to ensure that you select the correct layer.

Editing text layers

If you want to improve a text layer, you have to double-click the layer icon in the layer panel. You can then change the text, choose a different font, or improve the size and color of the text.

• If no dialog box appears, a filter effect is applied.
• If a dialog box or filter gallery appears, enter the value or select the option and then click Ok.

Filter Gallery overview

The Filter Gallery provides a preview of several special effect filters. You can apply more than one filter, turn the effect of the filter on or off, reset the option for the filter, and change the order in which the filter is applied. When you are satisfied with the preview, you can apply it to your image. Not all filters in the Filter menu are available in the Filter Gallery.

A. Preview B. Filter category C. Thumbnail of selected filter D. Show/Hide filter thumbnails E. Filters pop‑up menu F. Options for selected filter G. List of filter effects to apply or arrange H. Filter effect selected but not applied I. Filter effects applied cumulatively but not selected J. Hidden filter effect

Display the Filter Gallery

First click on the Filter Menu, then choose Filter Gallery. Clicking on the Filter Category name displays thumbnails of the available filter effects.

How to improve the color of photos in Photoshop

How to Correct the color of Photo in Photoshop

Many times you need to correct the color in the image. If you come to Photoshop then you can easily improve the colors of the image and if you do not, then in this post we will know how to color correction in the image. Do it

Saturation

If the colors in your image are dull or muted, you can increase the Saturation to make them look more clear. On the other hand, you can reduce Saturation to reduce colors. If you remove the Saturation completely, it becomes a black and white or grayscale image.To adjust saturation, add a Hue / Saturation adjustment layer. Then click and drag the Saturation slider in the Properties panel to increase or decrease the Saturation.

 Saturation adjustment tips

Here are some recommendations to get the best results with saturation adjustment

• Increasing saturation can also create noise in the image
• For some types of portraits, especially portraits, the increase in saturation may seem irreversible. In these cases, you can reduce Saturation.
• The hue slider changes all colors in the image at the same time. This will often result in an unnatural color combination, so we do not recommend adjusting the color unless you want an unusual effect.
• Although you can use the Lightness slider to increase or decrease image brightness, you might want to add a Level or Curve adjustment layer instead - this will give you more control over image brightness

You will find some Auto Correction tools including Auto Color in the image menu.

Many adjustment layers also have their own auto adjustment option. To use this tool, create an adjustment layer, then click the Auto button in the Properties panel

Most of the time, these tools will improve the overall appearance of an image. However, you can manually adjust the image to see the image exactly the same way. If the auto-correction goes too far, you can also try reducing the opacity of the adjustment layer by 50% to make the effect more subtle.

 How To Adjust Curves In Photoshop

• Add a Curve adjustment layer. 
  
  
  

Click anywhere on the line in the Properties panel to create a new point, then click and drag the point to adjust the curve. Note: Be careful not to move the two points in the lower left and upper right corners. It is possible to adjust these, but we recommend placing them in the corners until you get more experience with the Curve. 

• Continue adjusting the points until you are satisfied with the result. You can press the Delete key or click and drag a point from the line to remove it. 
• If you are new to Curve, you can select one of the preset options and then make small adjustments to Curve as needed. If you need to start, you can select Default from the Preset menu.

How to use the Levels option in Photoshop

Photos clicked with a digital camera are not always correct. If you have a lot of knowledge of Photoshop then you can improve your photo. For example, increasing or decreasing the brightness of some images, correcting their levels, etc. In this way there are many different improvements in the image which can improve your image. Can improve. In this post we will learn to use Levels:

Levels and curves:

If you want to improve the tonal range of your image, you can use Levels and Curve - for example, by creating Shadow or Highlight Brighter or Darker - you can improve Levels and Curves.

Saturation:

If colors are muted or dull in an image, you can increase saturation. You can also reduce Saturation to reduce colors more.

Auto-adjustment tools:

If you are not sure exactly how to make improvements, Photoshop comes with several auto-adjustment tools that can improve your images.

Using adjustment layers 

We will use the adjustment layer to correct the images. The adjustment layer is a type of informal editor because they do not actually change the original image.

Levels

Each image contains a mixture of shadows, highlights and midtones. Shadow is the darkest part of the image, Highlights are the brightest part, and midtones are the middle part of everything. When you are adjusting Levels, you are adjusting different tones then you can use the brightness and contrast tool for the same type of adjustment.

Levels adjustment tips

Here are some tips to get the best results with levels: 

• If you are using multiple adjustment layers, you may need to adjust the levels after making changes to other adjustment layers. 
• If you want to compare Levels adjustment with the original image, you can turn the adjustment layers on and off. 
• Generally, you want to adjust the black and white sliders so that they fit the data in the histogram.

Remember, since you are using adjustment layers, none of these changes are permanent until you export your image. So if you see any clipping in your image, there is no need to panic. To find the levels of clipping, just look at your adjustment layers, then adjust the levels as needed.

How to use the Noise Reduction tool in Photoshop

When you apply Noise Reduction, you are actually extracting information from the image. As a result, you will need to use this feature carefully — removing too much noise can cause blurring in the image. The goal of Noise Reduction is not to completely remove all the noise from the image.

With sharpening, you should always look critically at the image to see if you are achieving the results you want. Losing small amounts while reducing noise can be inconvenient, so you will need to adjust carefully to find the right balance. It is often better to remove less noise to preserve as much detail as possible. When you use this tool, you will be able to control many different settings, including:

Strength:

This setting controls all levels of Noise Reduction that will be applied. We recommend starting with this setting at maximum value (10) as this will make it easier to see the effect of other settings. After adjusting other settings, you can reduce the strength as needed to achieve the desired amount of Noise Reduction.

Preserve Details:

This determines how many details will be preserved from the original image. If you use a value that is too low, the image will lose too much information. Use this setting until you are satisfied with the result.

Reduce Color Noise:

Sometimes noise appears like small patches of individual colors, known as color noise. Click on the color noise setting to reduce it.

Sharpen Details:

This setting allows you to add a sharpen to the details of the image. However, just like preserving details, this can cancel out the effect of Noise Reduction, so be careful not to set it too high. To adjust the level of Noise Reduction, drag the slider in the interactive below. Remember, removing too much noise can cause the image to lose its clarity so set a level that does not reduce the clarity of the image.

How to apply noise reduction:

• Right-click the desired layer, then select the duplicate layer. You will apply Noise Reduction to this duplicate layer, which will prevent you from changing the original.

What is File Format and its Types

File Format is a file structure that tells a program how to display its contents. For example, a Microsoft Word Document saved in DOC File Format is best viewed in Microsoft Word. Even if another program is to open the file, it may not have all the features needed to display the document correctly. Programs that are compatible with File Format can give an overview of the file but not all files May not be able to display features

Types of File Formats

• GIF (Graphical image file)
• IMG file format
• Tiff (Tag image file format)
• EPS (Encapsulated postscript)
• WPG file format
• JPEG (Joint photographic expert group)
• BMP (Bitmap file format)
• PNG (Portable network graphic)
• JPEG 2000
• EXIF (Exchangeable image file format)
• PS (Post Script)

GIF file format

The full name of GIF is Graphic file format. The GIF image format was created by CompuServe in 1887. The purpose of creating this format was to view images online. The use of this format is mainly synthetic, diagrams, logos, navigation buttons. Adi is used to create a flat image, it uses a color lookup table for colors and only 256 colors per image. A GIF file has an extension of .gif. 

IMG file format

IMG File format was originally created to work with IMG programs. This File format handles monochrome and gray scale images.

TIFF file format

The full name of tiff is Tag image File format. This type of image file has an extension .tif so they are called tiff file. It is a file format that is widely used and it supports all platforms like Map, Windows, Unix. It supports RGB, CMYK color. The size of this file is relatively high ie it is more memory. Use

EPS file format

EPF File is also called Encapsulated Post Script. These are the images that are used to render a graphics file so that it can be used in any other post script document. The main advantage of EPS File is that it can be resized without changing its quality. EPS file is required for high level printing.

WPG file format

The WPG File format was used by word perfect. Earlier it was used with World Perfect 5.0 Files of this format used to support vector image.

JPG file format

The full name of JPG File format is Joint Photographic Expert Group. It is a raster graphics format that compresses an image to save space for dos, windows, Macintosh, unix etc. JPEG File can be imported in almost all software. This is the most commonly used image file format. Generally JPEG files are in RGB color mode, so their color mode can be changed from RGB to CMYK when used for printing.

JPEG 2000

JPEG 2000 is a file format that is more flexible than the standard JPG format. Using JPEG 2000, you can create images of better compression and quality that can be used for both web and print publishing. JPEG 2000 formats use alternative lossless compression instead of traditional JPG files that are lossy. The JPEG 2000 format uses Reason of Interest to reduce the file size and preserve the quality of an important part of an image.

EXIF

EXIF stands for Exchangeable image file format and these image files are mostly used in digital cameras. This format is a part of the DCF standard created by JEITA. Which promote inter operability between imaging devices.

PS (Post Script)

PS is the Post Script format of the Adobe system. Post Script is not an image format but it is a page description language that has been originally designed so that computers can send the correct page details to laser printers. The Post Script page description language developed by Adobe Systems is a very common format for exchanging graphic images.

PNG file format

PNG is called Portable Network Graphics. It is the most commonly used lossless image compression format on the Internet. It supports 8-bit color like GIF. Lossless image compression means that they do not lose their quality during editing. PNG has many transparency options. PNG-24 and PNG-32 support transparency, it is more advanced than GIF.

BMP ( Bitmap File Format)

This is the standard raster format of Microsoft Windows. BMP files can be prepared in the paint brush program of Windows. It can be used as a wallpaper in Windows. Windows uses a fixed color palette for BMP files. Changes that cannot be made, changes the color of the screen and the border. This means that when an image is also converted to BMP format when it is imported into a Windows application, some of its colors are replaced as a result.

Photoshop Menu Bar

Photoshop Menu Bar has a total of 9 Menus. Each menu in the menu bar represents a group of commands. Which allows you to make any kind of change in some part of an image or in the whole image and it also helps you in manipulating the files. They are located at the top left of the screen. If there is a right-facing arrow to the right of the Menu command, it indicates that there is also a sub-menu that has three points

File menu

File Menu is the most basic form of Menu bar that helps you to work with files. It is used to open, close, save, import, export, print and close the file.

Edit menu

The Edit Menu is used for editing purposes, that is, there are options related to improving the file, through which we can use Cut, Copy, Paste, Undo, Redo, Clear etc.

Image menu

In the image menu, there are options related to improving the image, through this we can set the color in the picture or image, change the color, adjust the brightness and lightnet of the picture. You can change the size of the image, etc. This is how the work related to the image is done by the Image Menu.

Layer menu

Layer Menu is used to work on different layers by which we can create a layer, delete a layer, merge a layer, create a layer group, etc. Layer Menu opens dialog boxes which create new layers.

Select menu

The Select Menu contains options that help you modify the selected area. You can increase or decrease the selection area by several pixels.

Filter menu

Photoshop has about 101 filters, 14 of which are subdivided into sub headings, some filters lighten or darken the image, some splay it, some turn the image into fake paintings, or some color pencils make the artwork of the drawing That is, the filter is used to add different effects in the image. For example, when you click on the artistic filter, a sub menu appears in which you can see its effect by selecting the water color.

View menu

The View Menu is used to view the picture in a different way, that is, we can zoom in and out of the image. It also has rollers guides and commands directing grids that allow you to view objects within the work area. Allow to hold and measure.

Window menu

Window menu shows and hides the palace. It lists all the open file windows so that you can bring any file in front of the screen immediately.

Help menu

The Help menu is used to get help related to Photoshop. There are two options in it, one provides information related to the version of Photoshop and the other provides information about Plug in.

Image menu of Photoshop

In Photoshop, image menus are used to do tasks related to improving the image. Many functions can be easily done in the image through the image menu such as changing the color of the image, changing the size of the image, increasing the brightness more or less. , Setting color balance, etc.

Change the size of the on screen image

Images can be resized on a computer monitor for the entire image in Photoshop in one go

• First click on the image menu in the menu bar.
• After this click on the image size, image size dialog box will open in front of you as soon as you click on the image size.
  

• To change the dimensions, type width, height.
• Remember that the Resample image option is kept on
• Then click on ok.
• After doing this, Photoshop will resize the image.

Note - Work with a large image instead of a small image, enlarging the small image reduces the digitibility of the image.

Change the image canvas size

The canvas option of the image is used to change the square shape of the image, this changes the image size.

• First click on the image menu in the menu bar
• Then select canvas size
• On clicking on the canvas size, the canvas size dialog box will open in front of you.

• Set Dimension in the new dialog box
• Then select anchor in anchor point
• Click ok
• Photoshop will change the canvas size of the image (will change both sides of the canvas image based on the anchor point selected)

Setting Color Variation

Photoshop gives a variation command to adjust the image color by which one can view the image in many colors.

• Click on the Image menu in the menu bar for color variation
• Here you will see the adjustment option which you select
• Then select the color variation option
  

• Click on the tone radio button to fill the color from the Color Balance dialog box.
• To adjust the color, drag the slider or enter numbers from 100 to 100 in the color level.
• Click on OK.

Set brightness and contrast

The brightness and contrast options in Photoshop increase the look of the image.

• Click on the image in the menu bar.
• Click on Adjusment.
• On clicking Brightness or Contrast, a dialog box will appear on the screen.

• To give brightness to the image, give the brightness slider the right drag or the left side and give it the darkness.
• To increase the contrast, right-drag the contrast slider or drag left.
• Click on OK.

Photoshop Tools

There are different types of tools to work on Adobe Photoshop. The tools where these tools are kept is called Toolbox. With the help of these tools we can do many types of tasks in Photoshop like selecting photos, photo cleaning, cropping, color changing, blurring etc.

SELECTION TOOL

This tool is used to select the image. Through this tool we can select any part of the image. There are four types of
Rectangular Marqee tool
Elliptical marqee tool
Single row tool
Single column tool

Rectangular Marqee tool - Rectangular Marqee tool is used to select the rectangular part of the image. Clicking on this tool changes the mouse's pointer by dragging the mouse pointer over the part of the image to be selected. The rectangular part is selected.

Elliptical marqee tool - Elliptical marqee tool is used to select the ellipse part of an image

Single row tool - Single row tool is used to select a single row.

Single column tool - Single column tool is used to select a single column.

MOVE TOOL

The Move tool is used to move the selected part in the image.

MAGIC BAND TOOL

This tool is used to select a pixel of the same color from the colors used on the image and select this tool and click on the location of the image where the pixel of the color is to be selected.

CROP TOOL

This tool is used to use the selected part of the image as the entire image. In this tool, the part that is selected remains and the remaining part is erased.

LASSO TOOL

This tool is used to cut the image but this tool is not able to cut the image correctly.
This tool is used to select a shape of uneven shape.

POLYGONAL TOOL

This tool is also used to cut the image but this tool selects the image in a polygon shape.
This tool works the same way as the lasso tool, but it causes the selection to be in a rectangular shape.

MAGNETIC TOOL

This is also a lasso tool that is used to cut the image, but this tool selects the image correctly and cuts it. This is the easiest tool to select an irregular shape. To select in it, move the mouse in an intact shape. This tool is self-selecting part of the image.

SLICE TOOL

This tool is used in simple and web pages in which different parts of an image can be clicked to do different things but it looks like an image.

SPOT HEALING BRUSH TOOL

This tool is used to clean out the stains on the image. By selecting this tool, the mouse pointer is clicked on the location of the image where there is a stain or blur. This tool automatically changes the color of that stain gives

HEALING BRUSH TOOL

It is an intelligent tool that is used to repair the image, it repairs the image as a target point.

PATCH TOOL

This tool is also used to repair images.

RED EYE TOOL

This tool is used when the camera takes a photo of a person, because the flash light in the camera is near the lens of the camera, it becomes a red spot in the person's eye which is called rate eye. Red eye tool to remove this effect. Is used

CLONE STAMP TOOL

This tool is used to use any part of the image at some other place in the image. Selecting this tool, pressing the Alt key on the keyboard, clicks on the part of the image that is used as a clone stamp. To be done in

PATTERN STAMP TOOL

It is used to use a pattern on the desired part of the image. The pattern to be used can be selected from the pattern library and also create your new pattern.

ERASER TOOL

This tool is used to erase a particular part of a layer of the image, by selecting this tool, the background color of the image appears when you click on the image.

BACKGROUND ERASER TOOL

This tool is used to selectively erase a particular color from the image.

MAGIC ERASER TOOL

This tool is used to selectively erase pixels of the same color from the colors used on the image.

BLUR TOOL

This tool is used to blur the image.

SHARPEN TOOL

This tool is used to sharpen the image

SMUDGE TOOL

This tool is used to mix colors evenly.

DODGE TOOL

This tool is used to lighten the color of any part of the image.

BURN TOOL

This tool is used to darken the color of any part of the image.

SPONGE TOOL

This tool is used to increase or decrease the color saturation on a part of the image.

BRUSH TOOL

This tool is used to fill the color defined for the phone round in the image. The shape and shape of the brush tool can also be changed. This tool is also used to create a new painting.

PENCIL TOOL

This tool is used to create any type of line shape in Photoshop. The shape and size of the pencil used in this can also be changed.

COLOR REPLACEMENT TOOL

This tool is used to replace the color of the image with another color.

HISTORY BRUSH TOOL

This tool is used when working on an image to remove changes made in the image from a particular part of the image.

ART HISTORY BRUSH TOOL

This tool works like a history brush tool, the difference between the two is that the art history brush tool has different brush options that can have different effects.

GRADIENT TOOL

This tool is used to fill a multi-color gradient in the selected part of the image by selecting this tool and moving the mouse point to the part set for the image from which to start dragging it to the starting point and The place where the mouse button is released is called the endpoint.

PAINT BUCKET TOOL

This tool is used to fill the uniform color in the space clicked on the image.

DRAWING AND TYPING TOOL

PEN TOOL

This tool is used to create a shape in Photoshop

HORIZONTAL TYPE TOOL

This tool is used to type text, it is also called as type tool. It types horizontal text. We can also change the color of the text.

VERTICAL TYPE TOOL

This tool is used to type text vertically. It is also a type tool.

VERTICAL MASK TOOL

This tool is also used for typing vertical text but only the outline of whatever text is typed is displayed.

HORIZONTAL MASK TOOL

This tool is used to type Horizontal text, it also displays the outline of the text.

CUSTOM SHAPE TOOL

This tool is used to create different types of shapes on the image.

 RECTANGLE TOOL

This tool is used to create a rectangular shape on the image and to fill the color defined in it.

ROUNDED RECTANGLE TOOL

This tool is used to make a rounded rectangular shape and to fill the prescribed color in it.

ELLIPSE TOOL

This tool is used to make a round shape on the image and can also fill the prescribed color in it.

POLYGON TOOL

This tool is used to create a polygon shape on the image and to fill color in it.

LINE TOOL

This tool is used to create a line of defined color, the thickness of the line can be changed by the option

NOTES TOOL

This tool is used to insert a note with the image, information related to the image or any part of the image can be started on this note so that when reworking this image, you can get this information in place of the note Only one item is displayed on the image

AUDIO ANNOTATION TOOL

This toll is used to connect the audio clip as a note with the image. For this the computer must have a microphone and a sound card.

EYEDROPPER TOOL

The tool is used to select the color of a part of the image in such a way that the color set for the ground color

HAND TOOL

This tool is used when the entire image is not being displayed in the image shop of the photo shop, using this tool, the image can be moved according to it and any part can be seen on the monitor screen.

ZOOM TOOL

The tool is used to view the image in a larger size in the image window, by selecting this tool and breaking on any part of the image, that part of the image becomes larger.

Photoshop Work area

The functions of tools group, menu command and pallets are mainly used to open and edit digital images in Photoshop.

• Title bar
• Menu bar
• Option bar
• Tool box
• pallets

Title bar

Where the title bar appears at the top of the PhotoShop window, the title of the software appears in this bar and the right side has three control buttons minimize, maximize, close button.

Menu bar -

The menu bar is used to display menus which include photoshop commands such as file menu, edit menu, view menu, image menu etc. There are sub menus inside these menus that can be easily worked on the image.

It shows the controls in which the tool selected by the tool box is customized. Whatever tool we select from the tool box, the property of the tool appears in the option bar, so that you can easily control the tool.

Task bar –

The bottom bar in the PhotoShop window where the task bar goes, it shows the left side, start button, the programs that are being worked on, and the right side, icon tray, which contains the date, time, volume, network etc

How to save image in Photoshop

In Adobe Photoshop, the Save option of the File menu is used to save the work done on the image to save it. The work done on the image can also be saved by pressing Ctrl key and S key simultaneously on the keyboard.

If work is being done on a file that has already been saved in Adobe Photoshop, then the changes made to the image file as above are saved immediately. (Save), but if a new image is being worked on, then the Save as dialog box appears on the monitor screen if the work done on it is saved as above

1. This dialog box is used to protect the currently displayed image file in some other name or format. The Save As dialog box appears on the monitor screen even when using the Save As option located in the file menu of Adobe Photoshop.

2. In this dialog box, look in the list box, select the folder in which this image file is to be saved. In the File Name text box, the name of the image file is typed. In this dialog box, the current format of this image file is displayed in the Format List box, if it is to be saved in another format, the list of different formats to be displayed when clicking the down arrow on the Format List box The format of the file can also be changed by selecting the desired format from.

3. Selecting the check box as a copy in this dialog box, a new image file of the current image, in the name of the current image file, after selecting Copy a new image file of the current image, in whose name The copy word is added after the name of the current image file, as Save. If this option is being used for an image file that uses more than one layer, in addition to the Photoshop format, copying this image to another format will merge all the layers into a single layer Are changed.

4. After making the desired determination in this dialog box, clicking on the command button Save can save the current image file in a new format in a new format.

How to Open image in Photoshop

Open option is used to open an image in Adobe Photoshop (Adobe Photoshop). There are following ways to open any file.

1. Open option of File menu can be used.
2. Browse option of File menu can be used
3. The Open As option of the File menu can be used. It is not necessary that this image file can be opened to many image types of image files created in Photoshop itself.

Displayed by clicking the down arrow in the Look in list box in the Open dialog box displayed using the Open option in Adobe Photoshop's File menu or pressing Ctrl 'Key' and O 'Key' simultaneously The desired folder can be selected from the list containing. Now, after selecting the desired image file from the list of static files (files) displayed in this folder, its file name is displayed in the text box and the size of this file and the preview of the image is displayed

This dialog box displays the types of files that Adobe Photoshop can open in the list displayed when you click the down arrow in the files of type list box. If a particular type of file is to be opened in Adobe Photoshop, then only a list of the same type of files is displayed in this dialog box upon selecting that particular type in this list. After selecting the last option All Formats of this list, a list of all files is displayed in this dialog box, whether or not they can be opened in Photoshop. After selecting the desired file and clicking on Command button Open, this file opens in Adobe Photoshop.

How to Crop image in Photoshop

Croping an image is called to remove the unnecessary part of the image or to use only the required part of the image as an image. The image can be cropped using the Crop option in the Image menu or using the Crop tool by selecting the desired Rectangular portion of the image with the Marquee tool in Adobe Photoshop.

Using the Crop option in the Image menu, by selecting the desired rectangular portion of the image with the Marquee tool, the remaining part of the image is removed from the image and only the selected portion of the image remains.

The Crop tool is used to use only the selected part of the image as the entire image. By selecting this tool, drag the image to the desired part of the image and select the desired part in the shape of a quadrilateral. In this way, one part is covered with black color around the selected part. By double clicking on the selected part, only the selected part remains in the image and the remaining part is erased.

How to create New Image in Photoshop

To create a new image in Adobe Photoshop, the New dialog box is displayed by selecting the new option in the File menu or pressing Ctrl 'Key' and N 'Key' on the keyboard.

1. In this dialog box, Untitled -1 is displayed in the Name text box, in which the file name of the new image to be created is typed. If you do not type the name of the image file here, Photoshop automatically gives the name of this file Untitled -1.
2. In the New dialog box, clicking on the down arrow in the Preset List box, selects the desired size from the predefined size in Photoshop for the image to be created from the list displayed.
3. In the Width text box in the New dialog box, the width of the image will appear according to the size of your page in the Preset. If you change it, then the custom option starts appearing in the box in front of the Preset.
4. To set the width of the image, clicking the down arrow next to the list box is done by selecting the desired unit from the list of different units displayed. Similarly, in the New dialog box, the Height text box determines the image's desired height and its unit.
5. This option is used to set the resolution of the image file of the image being created. Clicking the down arrow of the resolution's list box is done by selecting the desired option from the two options in the list that appear - Pixels / inch and Pixels / cm.
6. To change the color mode of the image being created, in the New dialog box, clicking on the down arrow in the Color Mode list box is done by selecting one of the options in the list displayed.
   If the image to be created is to be worked in white and black only, then one of the first two color modes Bitmap and Grayscale in this list are selected. Only white and black colors can be used when selecting bitmap mode, while blending of these two colors can also be used when selecting Grayscale mode. Any type of color can be used on the image by selecting the other three modes in the list. Since only limited Photoshop filters are available when the image has a color mode CYMK, it is more appropriate to set the color mode RGB of the image file.
7. To set the background of the image to be created, clicking the down arrow in the Background Contents Listing box in the New dialog box is done by selecting one of the three options in the list displayed. On selecting the white option, the background of the image appears white. If the color is to be set in the background of the image to be created, then the second option Background Color is selected. On selecting the Transparent option from this list, the background of the image to be created is transparent.
8. After setting all the options, a new image file can be created in Adobe Photoshop by clicking the OK button in the New dialog box or pressing the Enter key.

Photoshop file extensions

Images created in Photoshop are saved by default .PSD format .PSD is an extension of Photoshop whose full name is Photoshop document but we can save the file created in Photoshop in any file format like - GIF, IMG, PNG, JPG, WPG, tiff, EPS.

• GIF (Graphical image file)
• IMG file format
• Tiff (Tag image file format)
• EPS (Encapsulated postscript)
• WPG file format
• JPEG (Joint photographic expert group)
• BMP (Bitmap file format)
• PNG (Portable network graphic)

     GIF file format

The full name of GIF is Graphic file format. This format is mainly used for making flat images like synthetic, diagrams, logos, navigation buttons etc. It uses color lookup table for colors. And uses only 256 colors per image.

IMG file format

IMG file format was originally designed to work with IMG programs. This file format handles monochrome and gray scale images.

TIFF file format

The full name of tiff is the tag image file format (Tag image file format). This type of image file has an extension .tif so it is called tiff file. It is a file format that is widely used and it is all Supports platforms such as Map, Windows, Unix. It supports RGB, CMYK color. The file size is relatively high, ie these files use more memory.

EPS file format

An EPF file is also called an Encapsulated Post Script file. It is an image that is used to render graphics files so that they can be used in any other post script document. The main advantage of an EPS file. It is that its size can be changed without changing its quality. EPS file is required for high level printing. It is ti.

WPG file format

The WPG file format is used by word perfect before it was used with World Perfect 5.0 The files in this format supported vector images.

JPG file format

The full name of the JPG file format is Joint Photographic Expert Group. It is a raster graphics format that compresses an image to save space for dos, windows, Macintosh, Unix etc. Can be imported into all software. This is the most commonly used image file format. Generally JPG files are in RGB color mode, so they can be used for printing. Their color mode can be changed from RGB to CMYK.

PNG file format 

PNG is called Portable Network Graphics, it is the most commonly used lossless image compression format on the Internet. It supports 8-bit color like GIF. Lossless image compression means that they do not lose their quality during editing. PNG has many transparency options. PNG-24 and PNG-32 support transparency, it is more advanced than GIF.

Notes accord